![]() This is just a quick experiment to determine whether further testing is worthwhile.įor comparison to help in evaluating this F1 camera & A129 lens combination, I have recorded side-by-side with my Mobius Maxi (F1.5 Lens B), and an A129 that is also running MOD FW and an F1.6 lens.Ī129 : 1080p 60fps 24Mbps (FW 1. The Viofo GitUp F1 4K Action Camera is the first real 4K sports action camera in the world. I am currently testing the MOD#1.3 FW for the F1 as developed by, so the initial results here are not recorded with official GitUp FW. The FOV when using the A129 on the F1 is less than the 160 degree original F1 lens, and slightly more than the 130 degree FOV when used on the A129. These are never in stock on Amazon anymore, 25 lost on the Yi is much better than 90 on the F1. Reason being, this one gets warm at 4k recording and i am worried 24/7 use will damage the camera very quickly. ![]() I was expecting a circle within a black frame and having to consider using the Zoom (crop) function on the F1, but actually I have been able to use the full-frame of the IMX317. I bought a cheap Yi dashcam to use, so id have this F1 still as my main 4k cam, but then keep the Yi on all the time for parking mode. So I was rather surprised to find that there is absolutely no vignetting on the F1 when using this A129 lens. viofo a229 pro 2ch front and rear 4k+2k hdr dual dash cam with sony starvis 2 sensors super night vision voice control 33,999.00 37,999.00 viofo a229 pro 3ch 4k+2k+1080p hdr 3 channels car dash camera with sony starvis 2 sensors with front rear and interior camera 38,999.00 43,999. First of all, the F1 has a 1/2.5" 8MP IMX317 sensor, whereas the A129 has a smaller 1/3" 1/2.8" 2MP IMX291 sensor.
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![]() You can use private browsing for specific websites that you don’t trust with your cookies. ![]() If you don’t want to enable cookies for all websites, you can always enable them for specific websites that you trust. Tips and Tricks Tip 1: Enable Cookies for Specific Websites Additionally, these steps were written keeping Safari in mind, and while they should work on all macs, we recommend you check with other browsers before using them. It’s essential to remember that clearing website data will log you out of any websites that you may have logged into before. This guide has simplified the process for you and has ensured that you don’t have to waste time searching for answers. One of the most significant problems that mac users face is not knowing the exact settings that can cause issues- such as blocked third-party cookies. These steps will ensure that your mac is unblocking third-party cookies and is ready to deliver a seamless browsing experience. If you think some of the third-party cookies have not been unblocked, repeat the above steps as necessary. This will help you check whether all cookies have been unblocked. Step 11: Visit Websites to TestĪfter your system has rebooted and you’ve launched Safari again, visit websites that you had trouble accessing before. To ensure that all changes have been applied, you need to restart your system. Step 10: Quit Safari and Restart your System You can do this by going to the safari menu and selecting the ‘Clear History’ option. To have a clean slate and ensure that all unwanted data and cookies are deleted, you should clear your browsing history and website data. To do this, go back to the previous page and enable the ‘Allow websites I visit’ option. When you allow cookies from websites you visit frequently, you ensure a seamless browsing experience. Step 8: Allow cookies from Websites you Visit Navigate to the bottom of the screen and disable the ‘Prevent cross-site tracking’ option. You need to disable this option to unblock all third-party cookies. One of the reasons why your mac may be blocking third-party cookies is because it’s set to prevent cross-site tracking. Step 7: Disable ‘Prevent Cross-Site Tracking’ To do this, go back to the privacy tab and select the ‘Cookies and Website Data’ option. To ensure that you have unblocked all third-party cookies on your mac, you need to enable cookies for all websites. Once you’ve found the specific website, you want to unblock and clear the cookies for, click on the ‘Remove’ button next to its name. Here, you can search for specific websites that you want to unblock and clear their data. Upon clicking on the ‘Manage Website Data’ button, you will see all the websites you have visited and the cookies they have stored. Once you have selected the privacy tab, you need to navigate to the bottom of the page where you will find a ‘Manage Website Data’ button. You need to select the privacy tab, which is the third tab from the left. Step 2: Select Privacy TabĪfter you have opened your Safari preferences, you will see several tabs, such as general, auto-fill and passwords, etc. Once the menu drops down, select the preferences option. You can do this by clicking on the Safari menu on your mac’s home screen. To begin the process of unblocking third-party cookies on your mac, you need to start by opening your Safari preferences. In this article, we’ll give you a step by step guide on how to unblock third-party cookies on mac. If you’re facing this issue, don’t worry we’ve got you covered. Cookies are essential to browsing the internet, and if you’re facing issues with blocked cookies, your browsing experience can be a nightmare. One of the most common problems that mac users face is the issue of blocked third-party cookies. As a mac user, you may come across several issues and blockages in your user experience. 5).Welcome to the world of mac troubleshooting and problem solving. Uncheck Prevent Cross-Site Tracking (Fig. Go to your phone’s Settings and choose Safari. Go to your phone’s Settings and choose Safari. For more information, visit Webkit’s article:įull Third-Party Cookie Blocking and More. Please note: as of Safari 13.1 and later, third party cookies are blocked by default and will break an embedded video and prevent file downloads. 2).įigure 2 Enable Third Party Cookies for Safari on iOS Navigate to the Privacy Tab and make sure “ Prevent cross-site tracking” is unchecked. Open Safari and go to the left-hand corner and click on Safari -> Preferences from the drop-down menu (Fig. Please note: as of Safari 13.1 and later, third party cookies are blocked by default. Enable Third-Party Cookies in Safari Fix problems downloading files and viewing videos in Canvas ![]() ![]() Photograph: Jorg Greuel/Getty ImagesĪnother must – as long as climbing 465 narrow, winding steps doesn’t faze you – is the Dom Tower, which still dominates the skyline of the city 637 years on from its completion. Art and cultureĭom Tower and the Oudegracht. The charming and gregarious Andu, son of the owner, gave me a passionate mini seminar on the history and natural wonders of Ethiopia and even taught me a few words of his native language. An even warmer welcome awaited me at Sunshine, where I worked my way through a combination plate of Ethiopian dishes including kitfo (a dreamily succulent mix of raw beef and Ethiopian butter, €17) and gommen wot (kale with peppers, onions, garlic and chilli, €15). I had a memorable and far from bank-breaking dinner at the friendly SYR, where refugees and Dutch staff work together to create Syrian dishes such as mashawi (a lip-smacking mixed grill of chicken and beef skewers and lamb cutlets served with pita and a spicy muhammara dip, €18) and makdous salad (pickled baby aubergines stuffed with walnuts, red pepper and garlic, €5). My attempt to sample a Utrecht lunch institution in the form of the cheese, salami and vegetable-filled Broodje Mario was thwarted by the outlet of the same name being unexpectedly shut, but a bulging Parma ham, Old Amsterdam cheese, rocket and pesto roll (€5.25) from the nearby Broodje Ben food truck proved a satisfying alternative at a similarlylow cost. I found a fresh, punchy and very filling salmon and avocado poké bowl (€11.50) at Poké Perfect and a herby, creamy lamb pita (€9.50) around the corner at the Streetfood Club. The cost of eating out in Utrecht is similar to London, so some knowledge of economical lunch options is useful. Cartesius, to the west, has also been partially transformed by the arrival of various DIY venues, cafes and cultural organisations, among them cinema, cafe and club Filmcafe, art space and cafe De Nijverheid, brewery, bar and restaurant De Leckere and club venue WAS. Rotsoord, a former industrial area south of the centre, has seen an influx of creatives, startups, independent stores, bars and restaurants in the past couple of years. In fact, it’s outside the centre that parts of the city have become hotspots lately, as new businesses look for cheaper rents, and residents and in-the-know visitors look for new hangouts off the beaten track. ![]() Even in high season that is very much relative, however, especially when compared with Amsterdam. It’s three years since my previous visit, and this time I hear some Utrechters complaining that the centre – a picture-postcard Dutch feast of canals, curving cobbled streets and baroque and Gothic medieval architecture – has become a little over-full of tourists. ![]() There are also ways to tell what process has a file/folder locked, but I hadn't tried anything in that regard beforehand. I'd also suggest that you reboot again after any time you are unsuccessful and get that out of memory error again, just to be sure to try and release whatever file may be locked. ![]() but try with and without it enabled after reboots if it still won't work). This error can be a royal pain, so I just suggest a reboot and try and install right when Windows first comes up, and avoid opening any programs (and, unintuitively, resist temptation to turn off the A/V on your first try upon reboot. I got the out of memory error with MalwareBytes OFF, but upon reboot, MalwareBytes automatically re-enabled, and things are installing fine w MB on. When Windows rebooted, I even left my security software on (MalwareBytes). but give it a try anyways and make sure you don't open anything else until the install completes. I'm sure you would have tried that though, and I know in the past that hasn't worked for me. Either someone from R2R or V.R, or another group chimed in on the conversation and said that error happens when files (or folders) are locked. There was a post about one of the other releases that people were getting the out of memory from. but I rebooted, and did absolutely nothing when Windows came back up, aside from install this FX collection. ![]() ![]() It’s like saying, “I’m not good at being a monk.” You are either living as a monk or you’re not. It makes no sense to say you’re not good at it. Never had to do this before with V.R bundle. Just uninstall the older version and install the new one. I think the GUI problem caused by installing the newer bundle over the older ones without proper clean up, uninstall. I uninstalled, deleted all the FX bundle remaining folders manually and everything works on new installation. EDIT : Managed to get them working now. The new EFX MOTIONS and the rest of the bundle working fine. I think all of the plugins in the bundle are the same version V.R just added new plugin to the bundle. Anybody that got theirs working, can probably share it ? the one from previous installation will work. GUI error on EFX Fragments both VST2 and VST3 - Screenshot probably will only need a replacement of "Efx FRAGMENTS_gui.xml" file. ![]() Watch him perform “Tennessee Whiskey” below, and be amazed, because he’s about to become a household name. ![]() While Combs’ voice is eerily similar to the GRAMMY Award-winning singer, he definitely has his own exceptional talent, and we can’t wait to watch him become a big star. They have the same raspy tones in their voice, blues-style influences, and mind-blowing talent. He also happens to sounds very similar to Chris Stapleton, which already is an attention-grabber, but once you take his performance in, it’s all about his raw talent.Īt Combs’ live cover of the iconic tune, when he sang the opening lyric, “ I used to spend my nights out in a barroom,” we had to do a double take to the video, because we swore we heard Stapleton’s voice come out of someone else’s body! Since then, we’ve seen many covers of Stapleton’s rendition, including a dad who went viral overnight! While we thought we’d seen all the great covers, we were dead wrong.Ĭountry crooner Luke Combs is breaking out on the scene and has worked a cover of “Tennessee Whiskey” into his set list. You can do so by watching the clip below.Minds were blown at the 2015 CMA Awards when Chris Stapleton stole the show with his bluesy version of George Jones’ iconic song “Tennessee Whiskey”. So instead of describing his performance, we’re just going to let y’all check it out for yourself. Tennessee Whiskey (David Allan Coe cover) by Luke Combs was played in 8 out of 395 shows, with a probability of 2. There were plenty of other “wow” moments that took place throughout his performance, and no amount of words could ever do them justice. Then, he thrilled them all when he announced that he would be singing “Tennessee Whiskey.”Ĭombs was only a few seconds into the song before the crowd was already rewarding him with impressed cheers and applause. Thank you to the CMAs, and a special thanks to Luke and to all of the fans of ‘Fast Car.' The song was nominated alongside Heart Like A Truck by Lainey Wilson, Next Thing You Know by Jordan Davis (not sure how that one got in there), Tennessee Orange by Megan Moroney and wait in the truck by HARDY and Lainey Wilson. He’s a huge concert draw as well, as his powerhouse vocals have people pouring in to watch him sing live.ĭuring a show at the Ryman in early February, a huge crowd packed in to hear Combs sing a few of his songs. One of the brightest stars in Nashville at the moment, Combs already has two number one singles and a number one album under his belt. But we guarantee you won’t be tired of listening to it after you hear Luke Combs sing it. ![]() It’s this sort of style that many aspiring artists and other country stars mimic when they cover the song.īy now, some of y’all may be tired of hearing “Tennessee Whiskey” performed over and over again. Stylistically, Stapleton’s rendition varies dramatically from the ones recorded by Jones and Coe. To date, his version of the song is the only one to top the Hot Country Songs chart. Two years later, George Jones released his own rendition of the song, and it was a major hit.Īfter Jones’ version was released, “Tennessee Whiskey” practically faded into the history books until Stapleton revived it in 2015. “Tennessee Whiskey” was first released in 1981 by outlaw artist David Allan Coe off of his album of the same name. By now, it seems that almost everyone out there has offered up a cover of “Tennessee Whiskey.” In fact, Chris Stapleton‘s famous recording is a cover itself, though it is certainly responsible for renewing interest in the song. ![]() Marking the centenary of the end of the War, Cullen's design critiques the senselessness of warfare and the continued use of emotional blackmail in army recruitment poster campaigns. Darren Cullen's 2018 poster Great War brings the story full circle by parodying a famous First World War army recruitment poster from 1915, Daddy, What did YOU do in the Great War?. While the poster no longer dominates today's media environment, it continues to have a powerful impact, perhaps most critically in the realm of politics and activism. In the digital age, the rise of the internet meme – an image or piece of text that is copied and spread rapidly by internet users – can be seen as the digital descendent of the poster. © Victoria and Albert Museum, LondonĬyrk, colour lithograph poster, Hubert Hilscher, 1970, Poland. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London Otis Rush, colour offset lithograph poster, Wes Wilson, 1967, US. ![]() This visual dynamism was also advanced in Poland in the 1960s and 70s, with a strong school of poster artists designing for cinema and the arts, pulling together distinctive Surrealist elements and a vibrant colour palette.ĬIA v UFO, colour screenprint poster, Michael English and Nigel Waymouth, 1967, UK. Groups such as Michael English and Nigel Waymouth's 'Hapshash and the Coloured Coat' experimented with the rich intensity of silkscreen colour, while in America, the San Francisco 'Big Five' psychedelic poster designers (Rick Griffin, Alton Kelley, Victor Moscoso, Stanley Mouse, and Wes Wilson) largely continued with lithography. In the 1960s, the motifs and mannerisms of Art Nouveau were recycled to create psychedelic graphics. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London Quinquina Dubonnet, Apéritif Dans tous les Cafés, colour lithograph poster, Left to right: Bal du Moulin Rouge, Place Blanche, colour lithograph poster, Jules Chéret, 1889, France. Most posters are still printed lithographically with a mechanised offset process, where the image is transferred from a metal plate onto a rubber roller before being printed. The waxy drawn areas repel the water and soak up the ink, before being transferred to the paper. In lithographic printing, the design is drawn in waxy crayon onto a smooth surface, typically limestone blocks (later metal plates) which are then doused with water and covered with an oil-based ink. The pioneering French poster artist Jules Chéret (1836 – 1932) is credited with producing the first colour lithograph posters in 1866, having finessed the black and white process invented by Alois Senefelder in 1798. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London Jack Sheppard, poster, woodcut and letterpress, printed by S. Left to right: The Siege of Troy or The Giant Horse of Sinon, poster, woodcut and letterpress, printed by Thomas Romney, England, 1833. By the 19th century, text-heavy posters printed from woodblocks were commonplace, but the rise of the colourful pictorial poster didn't come about until the middle of the century, following significant advances in printing techniques. ![]() The advert was printed by William Caxton, who introduced the printing press to Britain and was the first person in the country to make a living printing and selling books, having opened a shop near Westminster Abbey in 1476. One of the earliest known examples of printed advertising in Britain dates from 1477 – a small dark block of text advertising a handbook for priests in Salisbury, south-west England. The process of posting up hand-drawn public notices can be traced back to antiquity. To stay on top of your free sound library (as well as any paid packs you use), NI offers KOMPLETE KONTROL, the perfect way to organize and search all your sounds. ![]() If you’re looking for a free effects processor for your axe and much more, then check out GUITAR RIG 6 PLAYER, which offers a great selection of tools sourced from GUITAR RIG 6 PRO, including amp simulations, 50 preserts, and more than a dozen effects.Ī free compressor can be a vital part of any sound producers kit, and Native Instruments delivers with the SUPERCHARGER virtual tube compressor - with a one-knob design offering a clean and simple way to sculpt sounds any way you want. It comes with 70 presets, clear controls, and endless possibilities, making it simple enough for first timers and powerful enough for pros to get a feel for the full version.įinding free vocal libraries can be a challenge, but Native Instruments helps make it less challenging by offering a specially-curated range of choir and vocal samples free of charge in our KONTAKT library. You can get up and running right away with the various free sample packs included with KOMPLETE START - such as the PLAY SERIES SELECTION and EXPANSIONS SELECTION - then grow to include paid sample packs using the same powerful player.Ī player isn’t much good without something to play, which is why Native Instruments offers the REAKTOR-based free synths system BLOCKS BASE, containing all the essential blocks you need to get started patching modular systems.Īdditionally, NI offers MIKRO PRISM, a free instrument based on the extremely popular REAKTOR PRISM synthesizer. With REAKTOR 6 PLAYER, you can also power any synthesizers and effects built-in REAKTOR by NI partners.Īlternatively, KONTAKT 6 PLAYER handles samples from Native Instruments, as well as third parties. ![]() REAKTOR 6 PLAYER is the engine of your free sound studio, hosting any REAKTOR-based instruments and effects, such as the free synths BLOCKS BASE and MIKRO PRISM. KOMPLETE START bundles together the most important Native Instruments free sound software in a single download, including REAKTOR 6 PLAYER, KONTAKT 6 PLAYER, BLOCKS BASE, MIKRO PRISM, SUPERCHARGER, GUITAR RIG 6 PLAYER, and KOMPLETE KONTROL to keep it all in check.įREE INSTRUMENTS, SYNTHS, VOCALS, SOUND PACKS, AND EFFECTS If you’re looking for a complete free sound production suite to get started, then KOMPLETE START offers a curated selection of more than 2000 studio-quality instruments, effects, utilities, loops, and samples. ![]() PROFESSIONAL-GRADE FREE SOUND PRODUCTION TOOLS ![]() Secondly, Premiere Pro is adding some clever AI features that can make video editing easier for people at all levels of experience. Another highlight is share for review with the Frame.io panel, which makes it easy to collaborate on video edits in real time with clients, colleagues and stakeholders. For example, the recent addition of automatic tone mapping means you can convert the wider colour gamut of HDR files (such as iPhone HLG) and popular log formats (such as Sony S-Log), so that they display correctly in standard sequences. But Premiere Pro stands out in two main ways.įirstly, for professional video editors it offer some advanced features you won't find in cheaper tools. ![]() Most of the basic features of Premiere Pro are replicated in other video editing software. (Image credit: Adobe) What are some of the best features of Premiere Pro? It enables you to colour-correct and grade your videos, adjust levels (such as brightness, contrast and saturation), and export your clips in a variety of formats, including MP4, MOV and AVI. You can also add transitions and effects between clips, add audio (including music, sound effects and voiceovers), and mix and master your audio to achieve a professional sound.įurthermore, Premiere Pro allows you to create or import graphics and animations to accompany your video footage, including text, titles and motion graphics. ![]() Premiere Pro is commonly used to create and edit videos for a variety of purposes, including feature films, television shows, commercials, documentaries, and social media videos.Īs the most fundamental level, Premiere Pro provides a variety of tools for editing your clips, including trimming, cutting, splicing and merging them. Premiere Pro features What can you do with Premiere Pro? In other words, if you just want to make some quick edits to holiday videos, you may find it easier to use a simpler app such as iMovie on Apple devices, Kinemaster on Android devices, or Premiere Rush on desktop and mobile. Just be aware this isn't a tool you can pick up and run with quickly there is a bit of learning curve. That said, if you're willing to spend time following the tutorials and learning the software, it shouldn't too long to get your head around. Because it's got so many sophisticated tools, its interface can be a little imposing for total newbies. If you don't have any experience of timeline-based video editing, Premiere Pro may not be the best software to start with. You'll find a good selection in our guide to the best Premiere Pro tutorials. Thankfully there are all manner of videos online that can help you get started and find your way around. It's not particularly intuitive, especially if you haven't done timeline-based video editing before, and the interface is pretty busy and complicated. How to use Premiere Pro How do I use Premiere Pro?Īfter you download Premiere Pro, you'll probably need some help getting up and running with it. There's some debate around names being removed from the book of life. Belief in Jesus is the fruit of having one’s name inscribed in the book of life, not its cause.ĩ. In other words, one does not have his/her name inscribed at some point in human history or as a result of anything he/she may do or believe. To those who do not presently believe in Jesus, we say: “Repent and believe!” If they do, it is because their names were written in the book of life before the foundation of the world. ![]() You believe in Jesus because your name has already been written down in the book. You don’t believe in Jesus in order that your name will be written in the book. ![]() This is by God’s sovereign and altogether gracious choice. Names are inscribed in the book of life before the foundation of the world. The answer to the second question is, No. People often ask: “What must one do to have his/her name written down in the Lamb’s book of life? Can someone whose name is not now written in the book do something, such as believe in Jesus, so that his/her name will be written in the book?” The answer to the first question is, nothing. You don't believe in Jesus in order to have your name written, but because your name has been written. 17:8 ).Īlso, whereas it can certainly be said that the Lamb of God was “foreknown before the foundation of the world” ( 1 Peter 1:20) and that he was “delivered up by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God” ( Acts 2:23), what can it possibly mean theologically to say that the Lamb of God was “slain from the foundation of the world”? The point of the text is that the people who worship the beast do so because their names have not been written in the book of life.’ That is why they are deceived by the Beast.ħ. And the dwellers on earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will marvel to see the best, because it was and is not and is to come” ( Rev. “The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to rise from the bottomless pit and go to destruction. The parallel statement in Revelation 17:8 clearly indicates that (1) is correct. (2) “whose name has not been written in the book of life of the Lamb who has been slain from the foundation of the world.” (1) “whose name has not been written before the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb who was slain” (ESV) or, There are two ways of translating Revelation 13:8, both of which are grammatically possible: All the names written in the book of life were inscribed in eternity past. Photo Credit: ©iStock/Getty Images Plus/KruraphotoĦ. Those who are the objects of divine election, who, in spite of their well-deserved damnation nevertheless have been sovereignly and graciously chosen by God to inherit eternal life, should respond to such an immeasurable blessing by doing everything they can to get along and to work in harmony for the sake of the gospel. This appears to be the grounds on which he makes his appeal that they all learn to get along in love and unity, especially the two women in Philippi who were in some sort of conflict (Euodia and Syntyche). Yes, I ask you also, true companion, help these women, who have labored side by side with me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life” ( Phil. ![]() “I entreat Euodia and I entreat Syntyche, to agree in the Lord. The Apostle Paul spoke of his co-workers as those “whose names are in the book of life” ( Phil. Paul makes an important reference to this book in Philippians. But now, if you will forgive their sin – but if not, please blot me out of your book that you have written.’ But the Lord said to Moses, ‘Whoever has sinned against me, I will blot out of my book’” ( Ex. They have made for themselves gods of gold. “So Moses returned to the Lord and said, ‘Alas, this people has sinned a great sin. In other words, this book had reference to the rights of citizenship for the Jewish people (cf. To have one’s name written in the book of life implied the privilege of participation in the temporal blessings of the theocracy, while to be erased or blotted out of this book meant exclusion from those blessings. In the OT the “book of life” (or its equivalents) was a register of the citizens of the theocratic community of Israel. There was an Old Testament "book of life." On several occasions in Scripture we come across reference to something called “the book of life” or “the Lamb’s book of life.” What is it and why is it important that we know?ġ. ![]() The four variables of interest include the size of the resource system, the number of users, the amount of knowledge sharing among different resource user's mental models, and finally, the level of importance of the resource to each user. Of particular interest to us are four subsystem variables that scale the social and geographic dimensions of a decision making situation in different ways. In fact, sustainability science and environmental history have both shown through historical case studies that government intervention into the self-organizing capabilities of an otherwise resilient social-ecological system sometimes accelerates its deterioration ( Earle 1988).ġ.2 Ostrom ( 2009) highlighted ten subsystem variables explaining self-organizing behavior leading to a sustainable social-ecological system. Systems theorists have long held that complex systems exhibit the capacity to evolve internal control systems and essentially self-regulate ( Bennet and Chorley 1978). ![]() Based on extensive case studies, sustainability science finds that human resource users may sometimes self-organize as a control system to make sure that the social-ecological system of which they are a dependent part remains resilient in a way they prefer ( Ostrom 2009 Agrawal 2001). One of the interesting developments in sustainability science is the emergence of an alternate theory. The Three Domains of Sustainability: Sustainability Science, Sustainability Information Science, and Sustainability Managementġ.1 A widely accepted theory is that when people are left to their own devices they will simply consume the resources at their disposal and deteriorate their environment unless governments impose a control system to prevent an unavoidable tragedy of the commons. Social Actors, Public Participation, Decision Making, Sustainability Management, Geodesign, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) We discuss the results of the experiment and conclude with prospects for research on the social and geographic dimensions of self-organizing behavior in social-ecological systems spanning wide regional areas. The theory of self-organizing resource users does not specify how a group of social actors' preconceptions about a situation is interdependent with their social and geographic orientation to that situation. However, our expectations were not met by our findings, which we trace all the way back to our conceptual model and a theoretical gap in sustainability science. We expected that increasing the social and geographic distribution of agents and the diversity of their preconceptions would have a significant impact on agent consensus about which situations to change and which ones not to change. The three factors included 1) the social and geographic distribution of agents (local, regional, international levels), 2) abundance of agents (low, medium, high levels), and 3) diversity of preconceptions (blank slate, clone, social actor levels). We used a factorial research design to vary three interdependent factors each with three different levels. Geographically-distributed agents interacted through an online platform similar to that used in online field experiments with actual human subjects. As opposed to studying self-organizing behavior at the scale of a local 'commons', our interest was in how online technology supports the self-organizing behavior of agents distributed over a wide regional area, like a watershed or river basin. The goal of the simulation was for agents to reach consensus about which situations in their regional environment to change and which ones not to change as part of a geodesign process for improving water quality in the greater Puget Sound region. Agents were modeled as socially intelligent actors who communicate using a system of symbols. This article reports on an agent-based simulation of public participation in decision making about sustainability management. |
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